How we source

The record comes first.

Start with primary sources

Company filings, their footnotes, company reports and final court or regulator records supply the claims. Each published figure links to its source document.

Keep the context

We name the reporting period, entity, units and comparison. Favorable and unfavorable results belong together. Our arithmetic is labeled; a company's explanation is attributed to the company.

Check before release

Figures receive source checks, changed claims are rechecked, and human approval precedes publication. A draft or a passing software check alone is not factual approval.

Respect the limits

We distinguish established findings from unresolved matters. We do not infer motives, give investment advice or predict performance. Company names identify the subjects, not sponsors.

Sources beside the story

Articles carry their document links and chart source lines. If a claim cannot be supported, it belongs back in review.

Independent educational content. Not affiliated with or endorsed by the companies covered. Not investment advice.